The role of image schemas in the conceptualization of ‘Satan’ in the Holy Quran

نوع مقاله : علمی پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 استادیار، گروه علوم قران و حدیث دانشگاه الزهرا(س)، تهران، ایران و عضو گروه پژوهشی مطالعات میان‌رشته‌ای قرآن و حدیث

2 استادیار ،گروه علوم قرآن و حدیث، دانشکده الهیات، دانشگاه الزهرا، تهران، ایران

10.22034/qns.2025.21930.1135

چکیده

Cognitive research shows that humans use embodied and experiential notions to comprehend abstract concepts. The Holy Quran, as a linguistic text, employs concrete and bodily-based concepts to express abstract ideas beyond sensory perception. This study investigates the conceptualization model of Satan in the Quran and examines its impact on the human tendency to follow him. To achieve this aim, the research adopts an analytical method grounded in cognitive semantics and particularly in Mark Johnson’s (1987) theory of embodied meaning and image schemas. Verses containing the keywords ‘Satan,’ ‘Demons,’ and ‘Iblis’ were extracted, together with related verses, forming a corpus of 129 Quranic verses for metaphor and schema analysis. Findings reveal four schema categories: (1) force, balance, and motion schemas conceptualizing Satan’s actions; (2) link, contact, and support schemas depicting Satan’s interaction and behavior with humans; (3) spatial schemas (near–far, center–periphery, and container) describing Satan’s position in creation; and (4) process schema illustrating Satan’s practical strategy. These schema categories constitute a cognitive model based on embodied experience that enhances understanding of the abstract concept of Satan and his actions, providing deeper conceptual insight into the Quranic worldview.

کلیدواژه‌ها

مراجع

Qarai, Ali Quli. Trans. (2005). The Quran: With a Phrase-by-Phrase English Translation (2nd ed.). London: ICAS Press.
Badran, Ghassan A. (2020). Satan’s Role in Adam’s Story (In the Holy Quran and the Torah). AL-ITQAN: Journal of Islamic Sciences and Comparative Studies, 2, Article 2.
Badran, G. A. (2020). Satan’s Role in Adam’s Story (In the Holy Quran and the Torah). AL-ITQAN: Journal of Islamic Sciences and Comparative Studies, (2), 167-195.
Brockelmann, Carl. (1968). Tarikh al-shuub al-Islamiyah. Beirut: Dār al-ʿIlm li-l-Malāyīn.
Dodge, E. & Lakoff, G. (2005). Image schemas: From linguistic analysis to neural grounding. In B. Hampe (Ed.), From Perception to Meaning: Image Schemas in Cognitive Linguistics (pp. 57-92). Berlin, New York: De Gruyter Mouton. https://doi.org/10.1515/9783110197532.1.57
Ibn Durayd, Muḥammad ibn Ḥasan. (1988). Jamharat al-Lughah. Beirut: Dār al-Kutub al-ʿIlmiyyah.
Evans, Vyvyan. (2007). A Glossary of Cognitive Linguistics. Salt Lake City: University of Utah Press.
Farāhīdī, Khalīl ibn Aḥmad. (1434AH /2013). Kitāb al-ʿAyn (2nd ed.). Qum: Hijrat Publications.
Forceville, Charles. (2016). The FORCE and BALANCE Schemas in Journey Metaphor Animations. Newcastle upon Tyne: Cambridge Scholars Publishers.
Gesenius, Wilhelm. (1939). A Hebrew and English Lexicon of the Old Testament. New York: Oxford University Press.
Ibn Manẓūr, Muḥammad ibn Mukram. (1414AH/1994). Lisān al-ʿArab (3rd ed.). Beirut: Dār Ṣādir.
Ibn Sīdah, ʿAlī ibn Ismāʿīl. (1412AH/1992). Muḥkam wa al-muḥīṭ al-aʿẓam fī al-lughah. Cairo: Maʿhad al-Makhṭūṭāt, Jāmiʿah al-Duwal al-ʿArabiyyah.
Ibn Fāris, Aḥmad. (1404AH/1984). Muʿjam maqāyīs al-lughah. Qum: Maktab al-Aʿlām al-Islāmī.
Jastrow, Marcus. (1903). A Dictionary of the Targumim, the Talmud Babli, and Yerushalmi, and the Midrashic Literature: Lamed-Taf, Index of Scriptural Quotations. London: Luzac & Company.
ʿAlī, Jawād. (1391AH/1976). Al-Mufaṣṣal fī tārīkh al-ʿArab qabl al-Islām. Beirut: Dār al-ʿIlm lil-Malāyīn.
Jawharī, Ismāʿīl ibn Ḥammād. (1376AH/1956). Al-Ṣiḥāḥ: Tāj al-lughah wa ṣiḥāḥ al-ʿArabiyyah. Beirut: Dār al-Fikr.
Johnson, Mark. (1987). The Body in the Mind: The Bodily Basis of Meaning, Imagination, and Reason. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
Johnson, Mark. (2005). The Philosophical Significance of Image Schemas. In B. Hampe (Ed.), From Perception to Meaning: Image Schemas in Cognitive Linguistics (pp. 15–34). Berlin: De Gruyter Mouton. https://doi.org/10.1515/9783110197532.1.15
Kövecses, Zoltán. (2010). Metaphor: A Practical Introduction (2nd ed.). Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Lakoff, George. (1987). Women, Fire, and Dangerous Things: What Categories Reveal about the Mind. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
Langacker, Ronald W. (2008). Cognitive Grammar: A Basic Introduction. New York: Oxford University Press.
Muṣṭafawī, Ḥasan. (2009). Al-Taḥqīq fī Kalimāt al-Qur’ān al-Karīm. Beirut: Dār al-Kutub al-ʿIlmiyyah.
Oakley, Tim. (2010). Image Schemas. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Öztürk, Mustafa. (2009). The Tragic Story of Iblis (Satan) in the Quran. Islamic University of Europa Journal of Islamic Research, 2(2), 128-144.
Rāghib Iṣfahānī, Ḥusayn ibn Muḥammad. (1412AH/1991). Mufradāt Alfāẓ al-Qur’ān. Beirut: Dār al-Qalam.
Sakat, Ahmad A., Masruri, Muhammad, Dakir, Juhair, & Wan Abdullah, Wan N. (2015). The Jinn, Devil and Satan: A Review on Qur’anic Concept. Mediterranean Journal of Social Sciences, 6(5), 540-546.
Solaiman, M. (2022). Satan in Milton’s Paradise Lost, the Bible and the Quran: A Study. International Journal of Islamic Thoughts ISSN: 2306-7012 (Print), 2313-5700 (Online), 9(1 and 2), 40–50.
Spronk, Annemiek. (2007). God’s Good Plan and Evil Forces in This World: The Place of the Devil in Traditional Islam. Leiden: Brill.
Zabīdī, Muḥammad ibn Muḥammad Murtaḍā. (1900). Tāj al-ʿarūs min jawāhir al-qāmūs. Cairo: Dār Maktabat al-Ḥayāt.
Zamakhsharī, Maḥmūd ibn ʿUmar. (1979). Asās al-balāghah. Beirut: Dār Ṣādir.
Zammit, Martin R. (2002). A Comparative Lexical Study of Qur’anic Arabic. Boston: Brill.
قرآن: مطالعات معاصر
دوره 4، شماره 13 - شماره پیاپی 13
سال چهارم، شماره ۱۳، پاییز ۱۴۰۴
آذر 1404
صفحه 133-160

فایل ها

هم رسانی

ارجاع به این مقاله

آمار