Semantic Analysis of the Concepts of “Transformation and Substitution” in the Noble Quran with Emphasis on Conceptual Interconnections

Document Type : Scholary

Author

Associate Professor, Department of Interpretation, Faculty of Quranic Sciences, University of Quranic Studies and Sciences, Qum, Iran

10.22034/qns.2025.22112.1141

Abstract

This study aims to elucidate the semantic distinctions and analyse the conceptual interconnections among the lexical items related to “transformation and substitution” in the Holy Quran. Employing a descriptive-analytical and comparative methodology, the research examines the semantic network of ten key Quranic terms: “badal” (بَدَل), “zawj” (زَوج), “sawiyy” (سَوِیّ), “shabah/shibh” (شَبَه/شِبْه), “shakl” (شَکْل), “ḍihy” (ضِهْی), “ʿidl” (عِدْل), “mithl” (مِثْل), “mathal” (مَثَل), and “nidd” (نِدّ). The findings reveal that each term operates at a distinct semantic layer and conveys unique conceptual nuances: “badal” denotes successive substitution and alteration; “zawj” emphasises simultaneous pairing and complementary relationship; “sawiyy” focuses on balance, moderation, and quantitative or qualitative equality; “shabah/shibh” indicates partial and potentially misleading similarity in one or more attributes; “shakl” refers exclusively to formal and external resemblance; “ḍihy” conveys apparent similarity accompanied by an intention to deceive or dissimulate; “ʿidl” signifies equivalence in value, justice, and balance in the scales; “mithl” is the most general term for expressing any form of likeness; “mathal” is predominantly employed in the domain of illustrative parable and allegorical narrative; and “nidd” connotes peer-equality accompanied by rivalry, competition, and opposition. Through contextual analysis of the relevant verses and reference to primary lexicographical sources, the study concludes that precise differentiation among these terms facilitates a more nuanced understanding of the Quranic semantic subtleties and helps prevent erroneous interpretations.

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